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D110. Transformation: man to wild beast (mammal). *Dh III 446ff., Greek: Fox 16, Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. “bête”; Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (Mackenzie Area): Jenness 85.
D112.1. Transformation: man to lion. Irish myth: Cross; Icelandic: Bósa saga 91; Spanish: *Boggs FFC XC 62 No. 451; Missouri French: Carrière; Jewish: Neuman. – Africa (Hottentot): Bleek 57 No. 25, (Angola): Chatelain 245 No. 47.
D113.1.1. Werwolf. A man changes periodically into the form of a wolf. He is usually malevolent when in wolf form. **R. Andree Globus XXVII (1875); *C. T. Stewart Zs. f. Vksk. XIX 30ff.; Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 227ff.; (1928) 148ff.; Lid Saga och Sed 1937, 3ff.; Odstedt Varulven i svensk folktradition (Uppsala 1944); **K. E. Smith An Historical Study of the Werwolf in Literature (PMLA IX, 1894); **E. O‘Donnell Werewolves (Boston 1914); Summers The Werwolf (London, 1933); *O. Clemen Zs. f. Vksk. XXX – XXXII 141; *Kittredge Witchcraft 175 nn. 5 – 7; ibid. Arthur 169 n. 1; **Baring-Gould The Book of Werewolves (London, 1865); *v. Sydow Feilberg Festskrift 594ff.; **Jijena Sanchez; *Lévy-Bruhl La mentalité primitive 279ff.; *Frazer Ovid II 318ff.; *Fb “varulv”. – Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 291; Icelandic: *Boberg, Hrolfs saga Kraka 50, Volsungasaga 15, Sveinnson FFC LXXXIII p. liv; Norwegian: Solheïm Register 16; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46; German: Wuttke Volksaberglaube 277; Dutch: Schrijnen Volkskunde I 97; English: Philippson Germanisches Heidentum bei den Angelsachsen 53, Child III 498a s.v. “werewolves”, Wells 19 (William of Palerne); Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 323 No. 109, 325, No. 9; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. “loupgarou”; Gascon: Bladé Contes pop. de Gascogne II 360 No. 4; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 131f. Nos. 74 – 77, Eisen Esthnische Mythologie 31ff, Loorits Grundzüge I 311 – 320; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 63 Nos. 160 – 178; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3671; Slavic: Máchal 228f.; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; N. A. Indian (Okanagon): Gould MAFLS XI 98 No. 2; S. A. Indian (Amazon): Alexander Lat. Am. 301. – Africa: Frobenius Atlantis V 153, 165, VII 31ff, 56, XI 263, *Werner African 344; (Basuto) Jacottet 238 No. 35.
D118.1. Transformation: man to ape. *Dh II 100. – Greek: Frazer Apollodorus I 241 n. 3; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer I 28, III 191, VI 59, VII 44 n. 1; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 177 No. 119; S. A. Indian (Quiché): Alexander Lat. Am. 172, Chile: Pino Saavedra 402ff.
D133.4.1. God assumes form of calf. Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 136.
D141. Transformation: man to dog. (Cf. B641.1.) – *Type 652; BP II 121 (Grimm Nos. 76, 30a); Types 449*, 726*; *Fb “hund” I 676b, “blod” IV 48a, “lys” II 483b; *Dh II 101; **Jijena Sanchez; *Kittredge Arthur 170 n. 3; Chauvin V 3 No. 2, *5 No. 443 – Icelandic: *Boberg; Irish: *Cross; Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3655; Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys, Penzer VIII 141; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera II 1205; Korea: Zong in-Sob 64 No. 35; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 349; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/52); Maori: Clark 50; Surinam: Alexander Lat. Am 274; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 347 n. 247, 248, (Canadian Dakota): Wallis JAFL XXXVI 90 No. 22; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 152, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 156.
D150. Transformation: man to bird. (Cf. B644.) – *Types 405, 432, 665; BP II 26ff., 69; Dh II 250 ff., III 406, 429ff.; Hartland Science 247; Chauvin V 87 No. 27; Cosquin Études 516ff., 526ff.; Irish: *Cross, MacCulloch Celtic 75, 79; Icelandic: De la Saussaye 261; Greek: Fox 15, 16 (Ceyx and Alcyone), 70 (Procne and Philomela), Frazer Apollodorus I 70 n. 1, II 67 n. 6 (Thetis); Jewish: Neuman; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 46 No. 77**; India: *Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham, Eberhard FFC CXX 48, 123ff., 125; Japanese: Ikeda; Korean: Zong in-Sob 64 No. 35; Maori: Dixon 79; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 139, 151; Marquesas: Handy 55, 108; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 115; Tuamotu: Stimson MS (T-G 3/619); Eskimo (Greenland): Rink 148, 287, 327, Rasmussen II 14; N. A. Indian (Thompson River): Alexander N. Am. 137; S. A. Indian (Kiangon): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 47, (Toba): Métraux: MAFLS XL 24, 26; Africa (Fang): Trilles Proverbes 202, Einstein 52, 55f.
D191. Transformation: man to serpent (snake). (Cf. B642.1.) – *Type 433; *BP III 89 n. 2; *E Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 120 n. 1; R. M. Meyer Zs. f. Vksk. XXI 4; Köhler-Bolte II 435ff.; *Krappe Études 53ff.; Hartland Science 244 – 7; *Fb “orm” II 759b. – Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 54 (Bolverk), Boberg; Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 67 n. 6; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys, Penzer IX 45. – English: *Child V 497 s.v. “stepmother”; Breton: Sébillot Incidents s.v. “serpent”; Swiss: Jegerlehner Oberwallis 296 No. 21; New Britain: Dixon 117; Philippine (Tinguian): Cole 135; Eskimo (Greenland): Thalbitzer Phonetic Study of Eskimo Language (København, 1904) 5; American Indian (Seneca): Curtin-Hewitt RBAE XXXII 112 No. 14; (Plains Ojibwa): Skinner JAFL XXXII 303 No. 7, (Ladino): Conzemius BBAE CVI 130f.
D195. Transformation: man to frog. (Cf. B643). – *Type 440; *BP I 1ff.; *Fb “frø” I 378, “blod” IV 48 a; Tobler 80. – Lithuanian: Balys Index No. 3188, Legends No. 202; Spanish: Boggs FFC XC 97 No. 836A; Jewish: Neuman; Buddhist myth: Malalasekera I 289, II 390; Korean: Zong in-Sob V No. 2; Chile: Pino Saavedra 405; Africa (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 199, (Zulu): Callaway 211.
D199.3. Transformation: woman to siren. Jewish: Neuman.
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