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F400. Spirits and demons (general). *Encyc. Rel. Ethics s.v. “Demons and Spirits”; Roscher s.v. “Daimon” I 938; Pauly-Wissowa s.v. “Daimon” IV 2010; Wehrhan Die Sage 59f.; *Runeberg Witches, Demons and Fertility Magic (Helsinki, 1947); *Hdwb. d. Abergl. s.v. “Dämonen”. – Irish myth: *Cross; Dutch: *Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 52ff.; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 37ff. Nos. 1 – 39; Slovenian: *L. Kretzenbacher Germanische Mythen in der epischen Volksdichtung der Slowenen (Graz, 1941); Jewish: bin Gorion Born Judas I 316, IV passim, Neuman; Chinese: Werner 402; Africa (Yoruba): Ellis 244.
F402.2.1. King of demons (Asmodeus). Jewish: *Ginzberg Jewish Encyclopaedia s.v. “Asmodeus”, bin Gorion Born Judas I 230, *Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys.
F402.2.2. Queen of demons. Jewish: Neuman, bin Gorion Born Judas II 177, 351.
F403.2. Spirits help mortal. Familiar spirits. **Feilberg Nissens Historie; *Polívka Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 226 n. 8, XXVIII 41 n. 2; Dickson 121 n. 64, 213 n. 143; Kittredge Witchcraft 613 s.v. “familiars”. – Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman; India: *Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 97, 267, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 91; West Indies: Flowers 433.
F420. Water-spirits.1 *Wehrhan Die Sage 74; *Meyer 101f.; W. Gregor Guardian Spirits of Wells and Locks (FL III 67 – 73); Roberts 121; Irish myth: *Cross; Norse: MacCulloch Eddic 210; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 142ff., (1928) 100ff., FochF XI 37; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 45f. Nos. 55 – 65; Finnish: *Holmberg Finno-Ugric 191ff.; Finnish-Swedish: *Wessman 52ff.; Swedish: Hartmann 27; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 52; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 40ff. Nos. 23 – 32; Slavic: Máchal 270ff.; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 298; India: Thompson-Balys; S. A. Indian (Warrau): Kirchoff RBAE CXLIII (3) 880, (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 50. See also F200 – F399 (fairies and elves), F451 (dwarfs) and F460 (mountain-spirits) for many common motifs.
F432. Wind-spirit. German: Laistner I 4, Meyer Altgermanische 97; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 37 No. 6, 38 No. 7; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 181; Eskimo (Greenland): Rasmussen III 147; N. A. Indian (Yukon): Alexander N. Am. 78.
F471.1. Nightmare (Alp). Presses person in dream. **E. Jones Der Alptraum (Leipzig-Wien, 1912); *Tegethoff Amor und Psyche 87ff.; Hdwb. d. Abergl. 1 282 s.v. “Alp”; Laistner Rätsel I 41ff., II 1ff.; Wehrhan 62; Hdwb. d. March. s.v. “Alp”; *Meyer Germanen 129ff.; Jellinek Zs. f. Vksk. XIV 322; *Fb “mare” II 551f.; *Kittredge Witchcraft 218, 525f. nn. 54 – 62. – Icelandic: MacCulloch Eddic 288ff., De la Saussaye 293f., *Boberg; Danish: Kristensen Danske Sagn II (1893) 241ff., (1928) 154ff.; Finnish-Swedish: Wessman 88 Nos. 748 – 770; Dutch: Sinninghe FFC CXXXII 63 No. 171; Finnish: Aarne FFC XXXIII 44 No. 60; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 127 No. 60; Jewish: Neuman; Hindu: Penzer III 131 n. 3.
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