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A1100. Establishment of natural order.
A530. Culture hero establishes law and order. A1300. Ordering of human life. M0. Judgments and decrees.
A1101. The four ages of the world. A development of the present order through four stages or periods, the golden, silver, bronze, and iron ages, or the like. – **Encyc. Religion and Ethics s.v. "Ages of the World". – Irish myth: Cross; Greek: Fox 17, Grote I 62; Hindu: Keith 105, Penzer IV 240 n. 1, VII 1 n. 5; Chinese: Ferguson 33.
A630. Series of creations.
A1101.1. Golden age. A former age of perfection. – Hdwb. d. Abergl. III 927ff. – Irish myth: Cross; Icel.: De la Saussaye 165, MacCulloch Eddic 327, 378 n. 49, Boberg; Lappish: Qvigstad FFC LX 35 No. 8; Greek: Fox 105, Grote I 62; Jewish: Neuman; Persian: Carnoy 300, 305; Hindu: Keith 103; India: Thompson-Balys. – Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G 13/50); Aztec: Alexander Lat. Am. 66; Carib: ibid 262; Ackawoi: ibid. 269.
A1346.2. Man must labor for a living: at first everything too easy. M324. Prophecy: future golden age.
A1101.1.1. Reign of peace and justice (under certain king). Icel.: Herrmann Saxo II 377; Irish myth: Cross; Persian: Carnoy 300, 305; Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Ferguson 33.
P12.5. Good king never retreats in battle. Q153. Nature benign and fruitful during reign of good king. Q552.3. Failure of crops during reign of wicked king.
A1101.1.2. Even trees could speak in golden age. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1101.1.3. Former age: spirits and ogres lived with men, and gods appeared in human guise. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1101.2. Reversal of nature in former age.
A1101.2.1. Formerly men plowed and cattle were their masters. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1101.2.2. Formerly men ate grass: cattle ate rice and pulse. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1101.2.3. Formerly men dumb: birds and animals talked. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1101.2.4. Formerly men could go safely beneath the sea. Tuamotu: Stimson MS (z-G. 13/50).
A1102. Why powers of nature work on Sabbath. Jewish: Neuman.
A1103. Nature transformed by God once in seven years. Jewish: Neuman.
A1110. Establishment of present order: waters.
A1111. Impounded water. Water is kept by monster so that mankind cannot use it. A hero defeats the monster and releases the water. (The monster is sometimes a giant frog.) – *Chauvin VI 3 No. 181, VII 132 No. 399. – Hindu: Keith 33 (guarded by dragon); India:
A1113. God promises never again to destroy world by water. Jewish: Neuman.
A1115. Why the sea is salt. New Guinea: Ker 25; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 43.
A1115.1. Why the sea is salt: because of wrecked salt ship. – Fb (havв) I 565b, IV 203a. – Dutch: Volkskunde XVII 23.
A1115.2. Why the sea is salt: magic salt mill. Stolen by sea-captain, who takes it aboard and orders it to grind. It will stop only for its master; ship sinks and mill keeps grinding salt. – *Type 565; *BP II 438ff. – Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 283; cf. Chinese: Eberhard FFC CXX 108.
A1115.3. Why the sea is salt: heavy rain showers on ashes of wood burnt by primeval fire. S. Am. Indian (Tupi): Ehrenreich 16, (Tupinamba): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 133.
A1116. Origin of sea-waves.
A1116.1. Sea-waves are (manes of) sea-god's horses. Irish myth: Cross.
A1117. Origin of foam on waters. West Indian: Parsons JAFL XXXII 443.
A1118. Origin of swirling motion of water. Animals and birds scratch in it. – Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 283f.; Finnish: Aarne FFC VIII 4 No. 7, XXXIII 51 No. 7; Estonian: Aarne FFC XXV 140 No. 5; Livonian: Loorits FFC LXVI 81 No. 6.
A1119. Establishment of present order: waters – miscellaneous.
A1119.1. Why sea is blue. New Guinea: Ker 25.
A1119.2. Why sea waters are warm: kept so by Leviathan. Jewish: Neuman.
A1119.3. Origin of sea's unpleasant odor. Jewish: Neuman.
A1120. Establishment of present order: winds. Jewish: Neuman; India. Thompson-Balys. – Tonga: Gifford 16; Quileute: Farrand JAFL XXXII 269ff.; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 224.
A1121. Breathing of deity (spirit) causes winds. Chinese: Werner 77; Maori: Clark 19; Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 175, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 267; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 28.
A1122. Cave of winds. Winds originally confined in caves. – Roman: Virgil Aeneid I lines 52 ff.; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 457. – Maori: Dixon 55; Western Mono: Gifford JAFL XXXVI 328 No. 9.
A1122.1. Hole of winds: stopper destroyed. The hole is stopped with a wooden stopper, which is destroyed. The country dries up. – Chauvin II 110 No. 75.
A1122.2. Wind a bird dwelling in mountain-hole. Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 107.
A1122.3. Lost wind found in hollow tree: has been banished and is needed by men. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1122.4. Wind comes through holes in sky when gut covering is cut. Eskimo (Bering Strait): Nelson RBAE XVIII 498.
A1123. Winds as children of titans (giants). Greek: Grote I 6.
A1125. Winds caused by flapping wings. A giant bird causes the wind with his wings. The wings are cut by the culture hero so that the bird cannot flap so hard. – Gaster Thespis 158; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 276; Babylonian: Spence 117; India: Thompson-Balys. – N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 292 n. 74; American Negro (Georgia): Harris Friends 39ff. No. 5.
A1125.1. Wind caused by flapping of ears of giant. Peigan: Uhlenbeck Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenshappen XIII (1) 64.
A1126. Wind caused by wind-god's movements. When the son of the wind lies down, the wind blows. – Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 101ff.
A1127. Winds of the four quarters established. Winnebago, Omaha: Alexander N. Am. 99; Quileute: Farrand-Meyer JAFL XXXII 271 No. 13.
A1127.1. Effect of the four winds on weather. Jewish: Neuman. – Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 224; Ojibwa: Jones JAFL XXIX 372.
A1127.1.1. North wind tempers fury of south wind. Jewish: Neuman.
A1127.1.2. South wind causes heat and hurricanes. Jewish: Neuman.
A1127.2. Gentle west wind said to be exhausted from fleeing deity. Maori: Clark 46.
A1128. Regulation of winds. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1128.1. Angels' wings protect earth from winds. Jewish: Neuman.
A1128.2. When wind-spirit is awake it storms; asleep, it is calm. Tonga: Gifford 53.
A1129. Establishment of present order: winds – miscellaneous.
A1129.1. Colors of winds. Irish myth: Cross.
A1129.1.1. Creator establishes twelve winds, each a different color. Irish myth: Cross.
A1129.2. Origin of monsoon: from chewed skin and spit of pair of divine friends eating guavas. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1129.3. Wind is blind. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1130. Establishment of present order: weather phenomena.
A1130.1. Angels set over clouds, winds, and rains. Jewish: Neuman.
A1130.2. Origin of storms in sixth heaven. Jewish: Neuman.
A1131. Origin of rain. India: Thompson-Balys; Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 113.
A1131.0.1. Regulation of rains. India: Thompson-Balys; Chinese: Graham.
A1131.0.2. Why it rains most in the hills. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1131.1. Rain from tears. Jewish: Neuman; Ekoi: Talbot 344; Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 448; Maori: Clark 19.
A1131.1.1. Rain from urine. Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 61, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600, (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 100; Koryak: Jochelson JE VI 142.
A1131.2. Rainy weather sent by saint as punishment. *Dh II 176ff.
A1131.3. Rain from sea in upper world. Fb (havв) IV 203a. – Jewish: Neuman; Eskimo (East Greenland): Rasmussen I 81; S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 26, (Cashinawa): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.
A1131.4. Rain from container in sky. Gaster Thespis 192; Eskimo (Ungava): Turner RBAE XI 266, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600, (East Greenland): Holm 95; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco, Ashluslay): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.
A1131.4.1. Rain kept in waterskin dragged along sky floor. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1131.5. Rain from rain-god (rain spirit). See all references to A287. – Greek: Fox 159 (Zeus); S. Am. Indian (Toba, Chamacoco, Mataco): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, MAFLS XL 26f.
A1131.6. Rain shed by stars. Gaster Thespis 212.
A1132. Origin of dew. Knoop Zs. f. Vksk. XXII 89; Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 331ff.; Jewish: Neuman.
A1133. Origin of clouds. Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 19; Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 97; Eskimo (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 79; S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366.
A1133.1. Origin of clouds from Ymir's brain. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 325f., Boberg.
A1133.2. Origin of clouds: creator ornaments the sky with clouds so that the mountains are sometimes shaded. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1133.3. Clouds as smoke rising to sky. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 26f.
A1133.4. Clouds as God's shield. Jewish: Neuman.
A1134. Origin of mist (fog). India: Thompson-Balys; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 176.
A1135. Origin of wintry weather.
A1135.1. Origin of cold in winter.
A1135.1.1. Origin of cold: sun turns fiery face upward. Jewish: Neuman.
A1135.2. Origin of snow. Irish myth: Cross; Flemish: De Meyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 9b; Jewish: Neuman. – Eskimo (West Greenland): Rasmussen II 33, Rink 44.
A1135.2.1. Snow from feathers or clothes of a witch (Frau Holle). – *Hoffmann-Krayer Zs. f. Vksk. XXV 119 n. 5; *Fb (sneв) III 427b.
A1135.3. Origin of frost. S. Am. Indian (Toba): Métraux MAFLS XL 22; India: Thompson-Balys.
A1135.4. Origin of hail. S. Am. Indian (Aymara): Tschopik BBAE CXLIII (2) 571.
A1137. Causes of hot weather: God bores hole in hell. Jewish: Neuman.
A1141. Origin of lightning. Jewish: Neuman. – Bushman: Bleek and Lloyd 113; Liberia: Bundy JAFL XXXII 422f.; Nootka: Sapir JAFL XXXII 354; Eskimo (Cape York): Rasmussen III 61, (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 175, (Central Eskimo): Boas RBAE VI 600.
A1141.1. Lightning as fiery snake. Siberian, Finnish: Holmberg Siberian 445.
A1141.2. Lightning from flashing sword. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1141.3. Lightning from heavenly horses striking hoofs against stars. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1141.4. Lightning as god's whip. Gaster Thespis 157; Jewish: Neuman.
A1141.5. Lightning as God's messenger. Jewish: Neuman.
A1141.6. Lightning produced by deity. Greek: Grote I 8; Jewish: Neuman; Maori: Clark 168.
A1141.7. Lightning from fire. S. Am. Indian (ChorotРЅ, Lengua, Ashluslay): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (1) 366, (Tupinamba): Métraux ibid. (3) 132.
A1141.7.1. Lightning as torches of invisible dancers. Africa (Fang): Trilles 174.
A1141.8. Origin of lightning – other motifs. S. Am. Indian (Toba, Mataco, Chamacoco): Métraux MAFLS XL 27f., (Huamachuco): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 151.
A1142. Origin of thunder. *Blinkenberg The Thunderweapon in Religion and Folklore (Cambridge 1911); *Saintyves Pierres magiques (Paris 1936); Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 82 No. 9a.; India: Thompson-Balys; Jewish: Neuman. – Cook Group: Dixon 88; Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 175, (Labrador): Hawkes GSCan XIV 153, (Cape York): Rasmussen III 62; Nootka: Sapir JAFL XXXII 354; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683f.; Africa (Angola): Chatelain 97, (Bushman): Bleek and Lloyd 113, Liberian: Bundy JAFL XXXII 422f.
A1142.0.1. Origin of thunderbolt. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1142.1. Creator's (deity's) voice makes thunder. Jewish: Neuman; Chinese: Werner 77.
A1142.2. Thunder from flying dragon. Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 440.
A1142.3. Persons escape to sky and become thunder. Calif. Indian: Gayton and Newman 96; S. Am. Indian (Chiriguano): Métraux RMLP XXXIII 177.
A1142.4. Origin of thunder clouds: from wings of mountains. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1142.5. Thunder is sound of God's gun. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1142.5.1. Thunder caused by God beating his weapon. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1142.5.1.1. Thunder from crashing of stones in moon as goddess beats tapa. Samoa: Clark 121.
A1142.5.1.2. Thunder from thunder-spirit beating his children. S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 684.
A1142.6. Cause of thunder: sounds of the horses' hoofs as gods play ball. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1142.6.1. Thunder from clashing weapons of warring spirits in sky. S. Am. Indian (Chamacoco): Métraux MAFLS XL 26.
A1142.7. Thunder from deity separating the winds which try to unite. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1142.8. Thunder is noise of waterskin which rain-god drags along sky floor. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1142.9. Thunder made by giants in sky. Greek: Grote I 5, 8, 12, (Cyclops).
A1142.9.1. Thunder the drums of dead. Africa (Fang): Trilles 174.
A1145. Cause of earthquakes. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1145.1. Earthquakes from movements of subterranean monster. (Cf. A844). – *Encyc. Religion and Ethics I 491b; *Olrik Ragnarök 278; Icel.: De la Saussaye 264. – Greek: Fox 211 (Poseidon); Jewish: Neuman; Egyptian: Müller 104; Siberian: Holmberg Siberian 311f.; Armenian: Ananikian 93; India: Thompson-Balys. – S. Am. Indian (Chibcha): Kroeber BBAE CXLIII (2) 908.
A1145.2. Earthquakes from movements of sea-monster. Irish myth: Cross.
A1147. Origin of stormy sky.
A1147.1. Origin of red sky (blood). Kaska: Teit JAFL XXX 448; Tahiti: Henry 339.
A1148. Origin of tornado sunsets; i.e., peculiar sunsets foreboding tornadoes. – Ekoi: Talbot 364.
A1150. Determination of seasons. Greek: Frazer Apollodorus II 87 n. 3; India: Thompson-Balys. – N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 60, (Ojibwa): Jones JAFL XXIX 372, Carson JAFL XXX 493, (Tahltan): Teit JAFL XXXII 226, 246, (Naskapi): Speck JAFL XXVIII 76.
A1150.1. Establishment of times for sowing and reaping. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1151. Theft of the seasons. Certain seasons are lacking. A culture hero steals the season from a monster and brings it to his people. – N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 60a.
A1152. Boneless man turned over to produce seasons. N. A. Indian: Thompson Tales 276 n. 16.
A1153. Seasons produced by marriage of North and South. N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 288 n. 61.
A1154. Genealogy of summer and winter. Icel.: Boberg.
A1155. Why days lengthen in spring. Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 9d.
A1156. Why days shorten in autumn: the real sun sets very early because the red cockscomb plant, used to kill his brother sun with, grows to its full height during this time. – India: Thompson-Balys.
A1157. Causes of seasons – deities push sun back and forth at solstices. Hawaii: Beckwith Myth 119.
A1160. Determination of the months. Jewish: Neuman. – Ojibwa: Carson JAFL XXX 493.
A1161. February's shortage of days. Days stolen by January and March. – *Köhler-Bolte I 380f.; Destriche RTP II 53; Gaidoz MР№lusine VII No. 11 (with references to earlier numbers); Shaineanu Romania XVIII 107.
A1170. Origin of night and day. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1171. Origin of day.
A1171.1. Opening of creator's eyes creates day. (Cf. A0.) – Chinese: Werner 78.
A1171.2. Windows in firmament shed light. Irish myth: Cross.
A1171.3. Angels of the day: Jewish: Neuman.
A1171.4. Origin of day: son of the night and the dawn. Icel.: Boberg.
A1172. Determination of night and day. After much discussion, the relative length of these divisions is determined. – Jewish: Neuman; India: Thompson-Balys; Maori: Clark 43, 46; N. A. Indian: *Thompson Tales 289 n. 62; S. Am. Indian (Cashinawa): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 683; African (Fang): Einstein 169.
A1172.1. Regulation of sunshine. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1172.2. Wallet containing night and day. Sébillot Incidents s.v. (bissacв).
A1172.3. Night and day have steeds and chase each other. Icel.: MacCulloch Eddic 200.
A1174. Origin of night. India: Thompson-Balys; Tahltan: Teit JAFL XXXII 205.
A1174.1. Night (darkness) in package. Released. – MunderucСЉ: Alexander Lat. Am. 310; Arawak, Carib, Surinam: ibid. 274.
A1174.2. Why some nights are dark and some light. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1174.3. Purchase of night. Originally no night. Culture hero goes to distant land and buys it. He introduces sleep, etc. Cock to crow for day. (Cf. B755, J2272.1.). – Banks Is.: Dixon 113.
A1174.3.1 CXLIII (3) 683.
A1174.4. Night caused by deity wrapping himself in dark mantle. Maori: Clark 17, 21.
A1177. Why sun shines on Saturday (Friday). *Dh II 30. – Flemish: DeMeyer FFC XXXVII 83 No. 9c; Jewish: Neuman.
A1178. Origin of (yesterdayв) and (today.в) India: Thompson-Balys.
A1179. Origin of night and day – miscellaneous.
A1179.1. Origin of twilight.
A1179.1.1. Twilight reflection of fires of hell. Jewish: Neuman.
A1179.2. Origin of dawn.
A1179.2.1. Dawn reflection of roses of paradise. Jewish: Neuman.
A1180. Establishment of present order – miscellaneous motifs.
A1181. Determination of world center. By reaching to its ends. – N. A. Indian: Kroeber JAFL XXI 223.
A1182. Determination of world quarters. The four cardinal points. – Yuma: N. Curtis Craftsman XVI 560.
A1185. Wings cut from flying mountains. In beginning mountains have wings. They are cut off by thunderbolt. – Hindu: Penzer VI 3 n. 1; India: Thompson-Balys.
A969.1. Mountains fight each other: cause of their present shape. F750. Extraordinary mountains and valleys.
A1186. Measuring the world. India: Thompson-Balys.
A1187. Creator appoints a chief for each class of created things: Lucifer for demons, Sion for mountains, etc. – Irish myth: Cross; Jewish: Neuman.
A1191. All things receive names. Chinese: Graham; Jewish: Neuman.
A1195. Origin of echo. Eskimo (Cumberland Sound): Boas BAM XV 172.
A1196. Why salt disappeared from forests. S. Am. Indian (Yuracare): Métraux BBAE CXLIII (3) 503.
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