Rouse W.H.D. (translator)

The Jataka, (Volume II) W.H.D. Rouse (translater), 1895

The Jataka is a massive collection of Buddhist folklore about previous incarnations of the Buddha, both in human and animal form. Originally written in Pali, and dating to at least 380 BCE, the Jataka includes many stories which have traveled afar. Many of these can be traced cross-culturally in the folklore of many countries.

THE JĀTAKA

OR

STORIES OF THE BUDDHA'S FORMER BIRTHS.

TRANSLATED FROM THE PĀLI BY VARIOUS HANDS

UNDER THE EDITORSHIP OF

PROFESSOR E. B. COWELL.

VOL. II.

TRANSLATED BY

W. H. D. ROUSE, M. A.,

SOMETIME FELLOW OF CHRIST'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

Cambridge University Press

[1895]

MANIBVS

GVILLELMI ROBERTSON SMITH

SVMMO DESIDERIO

D. D. D.

PREFACE.

In a book like this, where a translation is made for the first time from a language little known, mistakes there needs must be. For any such I ask the indulgence of scholars; and assure them that no trouble has been spared to get accuracy. A word or phrase dismissed in a footnote as obscure or inexplicable has often cost hours of research before it has been given up.

Although it has not been possible to reproduce the rhythm of the verses, yet I hope something of the same effect has been given by keeping in each story to one metre where the Pāli has but one, and changing where it changes; and a pretty consistent rule has been observed, of giving long lines for long and short for short, two short lines being held equivalent to one long. But in different stories the same metre has often been differently translated for convenience.

For parallels I have looked through all the Pāli books as far as they are printed; but I have not had time to read them carefully, and many must have escaped me. The notes must then not be considered as exhaustive. Other illustrations have been noted where I have come across them, and I hope that students of folk-tales may be interested in one unpublished variant which I have been able to give (page 110).

It remains to acknowledge my indebtedness to those friends who have helped me. The members of our "Guild" who are resident at Cambridge have been so kind as to revise the proofs; and to them I owe very many corrections and improvements. Mr R. Chalmers lent me a MS. translation of a few of the 'Stories of the Past,' for which I thank him. But my chief thanks are due to my Master, Professor Cowell; who, for many years past, has with unfailing patience and kindliness helped me in my Oriental studies. I feel that what I know of these things has been his gift to me almost entirely; and I hope he may consider this book not all unworthy of his teaching.

W. H. D. ROUSE.

CHRIST'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE,

July 30, 1895.

INDEX OF NAMES AND PALI WORDS.

*** This Index contains all names of persons and places, real or legendary (except such as in the Stories of the Past are manifestly invented); all names of literary documents quoted in the text; and the parallels or illustrations given in the notes; but it does not include the names of previous translators of any of the stories.

Aciravatī, river 65, 251

Aesop referred to 76, 285, 299

Aggālava, shrine of 197

Ajātasattu, a king 164, 165, 168, 275

Ālavī, a place 197

Ambala tower 170

Ānanda 4, 13, 17, 18, 21, 22, 26, 28, 34, 36, 45, 52, 56, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 85,89, 94, 119, 122, 124, 142, 160, 170, 178, 193, 199, 203, 215, 218, 220, 223,268, 272, 274, 282, 286, 290, 292, 297

Ānanda, a fish 242

Anātha-piṇḍika 200, 239, 279, 280, 282, 293, 294, 295

" the younger 200

Aṅga, kingdom of 148

Anotatta, lake 63

Anuruddha 64, 87, 178, 260

Araka 43, 137

Assaji, a heretic 264

Atharva Veda referred to 101

Babrius referred to 123

Bamboo Grove (Veḷuvana) 26, 48, 67, 85, 106, 113, 131, 138, 140, 145, 154,168, 172, 260, 299

Benares 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 19, 21, 23, 24, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41,44, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 75,76, 79, 80, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 99, 101, 103, 104,105, 106, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 131, 138,139, 140, 141, 143, 145, 146, 149, 152, 153, 154, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160,162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184,186, 187, 189, 190, 193, 194, 195, 197, 200, 203, 205, 207, 218, 219, 221,223, 224, 227, 232, 233, 235, 238, 240, 242, 244, 245, 246, 248, 261, 262,264, 265, 267, 268, 269, 271, 273, 274, 276, 280, 284, 285, 287, 288, 290,292, 294, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 304, 305, 307

Bhaddaji, Elder 229, 230, 231

Bhaddiya, city 229, 230

Bhaggava 56

Bharhut Stupa 60, 106, 152, 197, 235, 237, 248

Bharu, king, city, kingdom 119, 121

Bhummaja, a heretic 264

Bimbā, Sister 267, 268, 295

Bimbisāra, a king 164, 275

Bodhisatta 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,29, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53,55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 74, 75, 76, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85,86, 88, 90, 92, 93, 94, 96, 97, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105, 106, 110, Ill, 113,114, 115, 117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131,132, 133, 134, 135, 138, 139, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 149, 152, 153, 154,155, 156, 157, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171,172,173, 174, 175, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 186, 187, 188, 189,190, 191, 192, 197, 200, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 218, 219,220, 221, 223, 224, 227, 228, 229, 232, 233, 236, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244,245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 253, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 267, 268,273, 274, 276, 280, 282, 284, 285, 287, 288, 289, 290, 293, 294, 297, 298,299, 300, 302, 304, 305, 307

Book of the Knight de la Tour Landry referred to 92

Bower MS. referred to 100

Brahma 29, 30, 31, 37, 39, 42, 43, 45, 48, 51, 62, 92, 98, 153, 188, 193, .199,220, 229, 247, 285, 287, 293, 298

Brahmadatta 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 11, 19, 21, 23, 28, 34, 36, 39, 41, 44, 46, 47, 48,50, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 60, 64, 66, 68, 70, 75, 76, 79, 81, 85, 88, 92, 93, 94,96, 97, 99, 101, 103, 105, 106, 111, 113, 114, 115, 117, 121, 123, 125, 126,127, 129, 138, 140, 143, 145, 152, 154, 156, 159, 160, 162, 163, 165, 168,171, 172, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 186, 187, 189, 193, 197, 200, 203, 205,218, 221, 223, 224, 227, 232, 233, 235, 240, 245, 246, 248, 261, 262, 264,267, 268, 273, 276, 280, 284, 285, 287, 288, 290, 292, 294, 298, 299, 300,302, 304, 305, 307

Buddha 11, 31, 37, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 64, 77, 91, 92, 97, 101, 103,121, 127, 130, 137, 140, 151, 153, 161, 166, 172, 178, 180, 182, 189, 199,207, 218, 229, 230, 238, 251, 266, 267, 268, 273, 280, 282, 283, 284, 303,304

Buddhaghosha referred to 122

Buddha Kassapa 177

Buddhas, Seven 102

Cariyā-pitaka referred to 110, 251, 262

Çatapatha-brāḥmana referred to 12

Ceylon 89

Ciñcā 85, 112

Cittakūta, Mount 74, 123

Cittalatā, a grove 133

Cittarāja, a goblin 254

Cullavagga quoted or referred to 11, 17, 26, 75, 100, 103, 110, 140, 168

Daddara, Mount 6, 46

Dakkhiṇāgiri, a place 237, 238

Daṇḍaka 23, 24, 26

Dantapura, city 252, 260

Dasaratha, a name 208

Devadatta 26, 27, 28, 42, 48, 49, 68, 85, 87, 103, 104, 106, 107, 110, 112,113, 114, 131, 138, 139,140, 142, 145, 154, 155, 165, 166, 167, 168, 170,172, 178, 262, 299, 300, 301

Dhammapada (or its Commentary) referred to 3, 65, 66, 115, 123, 177, 218,241, 251, 257, 284, 302

Dhanañjaya, a merchant 239

" a legendary king 251, 252, 254

Dhanuggahatissa, Elder 275, 279

Divyāvadāna referred to 118, 216; 229

Gagga 12,

Gandhāra 32, 152, 153

Ganges 101, 105, 111, 179, 197, 229, 230, 233, 237, 246, 281, 248, 289, 307

Ganges, the heavenly 45

Garahitapiṭṭhi Rock 130

Garuḷa xx, 10, 11

Gayāsīsa 26, 138

Gesta Romanorum referred to 92

Gotama 118, 151, 152, 172, 180, 182, 267, 283, 284

Gotamī 142

Grimm referred to 69, 207

Guttila, the musician 172, 178

Herodotus quoted 15

Herondas quoted 127

Hesiod quoted 15

Himalaya 5, 8, 24, 28, 36, 38, 39, 43, 45, 47, 50, 51, 53, 59, 63, 70, 71, 75,92, 97, 110, 111, 119, 120, 123, 124, 129, 137, 138, 140, .159, 160, 162,168,179, 182, 187, 190, 191, 192, 193, 203, 235, 246, 262, 268, 270, 271,274, 280, 284, 293, 298, 305

Hitopadesa referred to 181

Indapatta, a city 149, 251, 252

India, saepissime

Indian Nights' Entertainments quoted 129

Isipatana, a place near Benares 243, 244

Jains, the 182

Janapadakalyāṇī 63, 64

Janasandha, a legendary king 207, 209

Jātaka-Mālā referred to 44, 262

Jātakas referred to in the text:

Abbhantara 295

Cullanāradakassapa 285

(Daddara, not by name 75)

Gijjha 28

Indriya 79

" 302

Juṇha 290

Kāka 221

(Kalāya-muṭṭhi, not by name 146)

Kāliṅga-bodhi 222

Kāma 149

Khadiraṅga 279

Mahābodhi 53

Mahāsāra 17

Mahāsīlava 273

Mahā-ummagga 43, 53, 80

Mahilāmukha 67

(Nakula, not by name 246)

Naṅguṭṭha 29

(Paṇṇika, not by name 126)

Puppharatta 302

Sāketa 57

" (not by name) 162

Sāma 34

Saṁvara 13

Sigāla 218

Silavīmaṁsa 292

Suruci 231

Takkāriya 123

" 244

Tesakuṇa 1

Uddāla 47

Ummadantī 81

Ummagga, see Mahā-ummagga

Jātakas referred to in the text (cont.):

Uraga 36

" (not by name) 246

Jātakas translated in this book:

Abbhantara 267

Ādiccupaṭṭhāna 50

Alīna-citta 13

Anabhirati 68

Anta 300

Araka 42

Ārāma-dūsa 237

Asadisa 60

Asitābhu 158

Assaka 108

Baka 161

Bandhanāgāra 97

Bhadra-ghata 293

Bharu 118

Catumaṭṭa 73

Cūlanandiya 140

Culla-paduma 81

Culla-palobhana 227

Daddara 45

Dadhivāhana 69

Dhammaddhaja 131

Dūbhiya-makkaṭa 48

Duddada 59

Dūta 221

Dutiya-palāyi 153

Ekapada 163

Gagga 11

Gahapati 94

Gāmaṇi-caṇḍa 207

Gaṅgeyya 104

Garahita 129

Gijjha 34

Giridanta 67

Guṇa 17

Gūtha-pāṇa 147

Guttila 172

Harita-māta 164

Indasamānagotta 28

Jambu-khādaka 299

Jarudapāna 205

Kacchapa 55

" 123

" 246

Kakaṇṭaka 43

Kakkara 112

Kakkaṭa 235

Kalāya-muṭṭhi 51

Kalyāṇa-dhamma 44

Kāmanīta 149

Kāmavilāpa 302

Kandagalaka 113

Kapi 187

Kāsāva 138

Kaya-vicchinda 297

Keḷisīla 98

Khandha-vatta 100

Khanti-vaṇṇana 145

Khurappa 231

Kiṁsukopama 184

Komāyaputta 305

Jātakas translated in this book (cont.):

Kosiya 146

Kumbhīla 145

Kuṇḍaka-kucchi-sindhava 199

Kuru-dhamma 251

Kuruṅga-miga 106

Kūṭa-vāṇija 127

Lābha-garaha 287

Lola 248

Maccha 125

Macchuddāna 288

Mahā-panāda 229

Mahā-piṅgala 165

Mahisa 262

Makkaṭa 47

Mandhātu 216

Maṇi-cora 85

Maṇi-kaṇṭha 197

Maṇi-sūkara 283

Mittāmitta 91

Mora 23

Mudu-pāṇi 224

Mūla-pariyāya 180

Nakula 36

Nānacchanda 290

Pabbatūpatthara 88

Pādañjali 183

Paduma 222

Palāyi 151

Puṇṇa-nadī 121

Puṭa-bhatta 142

Puṭa-dūsaka 266

Rādha 92

Rājovāda 1

Romaka 260

Rucira 250

Ruhaka 79

Sabba-dāṭha 168

Sādhu-sīla 96

Sāketa 162

Sakuṇagghi 40

Sālaka 186

Sālūka 285

Saṁgāma-vacara 63

Samiddhi 39

Saṁkappa 189

Samudda 301

Santhava 29

Sata-dhamma 57

Satapatta 264

Seggu 126

Seyya 273

Sigāla 4

Sīha-camma 76

Sīha-koṭṭhuka 75

Sīlānisaṁsa 77

Sāla-vīmaṁsa 292

Siri 279

Siri-kāḷakaṇṇi 80

Somadatta 115

Suhanu 21

Sujāta 239

Suka 203

Sūkara 7

Suṁsumāra 110

Jātakas referred to in this book (cont.):

Sunakha 170

Supatta 295

Susīma 31

Telovāda 182

Tila-muṭṭhi 193

Tiṇḍuka 53

Tirīṭa-vaccha 218

Ucchiṭṭha-bhatta 117

Udapāna-dūsaka 243

Udumbara 303

Ulūka 242

Upāhana 154

Upasāḷha 37

Uraga 9

Vaccha-nakha 160

Vaḍḍhaki-sūkara 275

Vaka 306

Valāhassa 89

Vālodaka 65

Vātagga-sindhava 233

Vikaṇṇaka 157

Viṇā-thūṇa 156

Vinīlaka 26

Vīraka 103

Vīticcha 178

Vyaggha 244

Jātiyā grove 229

Jeta, prince 152

Jetavana 7, 11, 13, 17, 21, 23, 28, 29, 31, 36, 37, 40, 42, 44, 45, 47, 50, 51,55, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 73, 75, 76, 77, 79, 88, 89, 92, 94, 96, 97, 98,103, 104, 108, 112, 117, 118, 119, 121, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 138, 142,145, 146, 147, 149, 151, 152; 153, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 165, 170,178, 183; 184, 186, 187, 193, 199, 200, 203, 205, 207, 216, 218, 221, 222,223; 224, 227, 231, 233, 235, 237, 242, 244, 246, 248, 250, 251, 262, 264,266, 267, 273, 275, 283, 285, 287, 288, 290, 292, 293, 295, 297, 298, 301,302, 303, 306

Jumna 105

Kāliṅga, a kingdom 252, 260

Kalyāṇi, river in Ceylon 90

Kāmanīta, a brahmin 149

Kaṁsa, King 274

Kapila 63

Kāsi 11, 39, 47, 48, 50, 59, 70, 71, 92, 94, 101, 103, 108, 115, 117, 121, 143,154, 164, 171, 179, 218, 246, 264, 268, 275, 280

Kassapa 13

" Buddha 77, 177

" the Eider 260

" the tortoise clan 247

Kattika, a month 254

" feast 254

Kekaka, a city 149, 150

Khandhakaṁ 283

Khemā 24

Khuddaka Pātha quoted 280

Kīṭāgiri, a place 264

Kitavāsa, King 137

Kokālika 45, 46, 75, 76, 77, 123, 124, 244, 245, 246, 299, 300, 301

Kolita, a man 260

Komāya 306

Koṇḍañña clan 247

Kosala 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 16, 17, 51, 88, 89, 97, 118, 145, 146, 164, 200, 218, 246,268, 273, 275

Kosalā, a princess 275

Kosiya (' owl'), name of a clan 175

Koṭi, a village 230

Kuccāna, a man 260

Kukkurovāda referred to 40

Kuru, a city 150

" kingdom 251

Lakuṇṭaka, Elder 98, 100

Lāḷudāyi, Elder, see Udāyī.

Licchavi 4, 7

Lohita, a heretic 264

Magadha 38, 148

Mahākassapa 64, 197

Mahākosala, King 164, 275

Mahāmāyā 17, 34, 98

Mahānāma the Sakya 54

Mahāsoṇa 21

Mahāvagga referred to 230, 306

Mahāvana 4

Mahāvastu referred to 60, 62, 110, 112

Mallians, the 65, 160

Mallika 2, 3

Manosilā 63

Mann quoted 275

Māra 41, 167

Mātali, charioteer of Sakka 176, 178

Mathura, carving at, identified as a Jātaka scene 90

Māyā 260

Mettiya, a heretic 264

Milinda referred to 140, 168, 172, 216

Mithilā, a town 27, 231

Moggallāna 4, 7, 26, 64, 74, 107, 119, 183, 244, 245, 246, 268, 305

Nāgadīpa, island off Ceylon 90

Nāḷāgiri, elephant 140, 168

Nāḷikera, island of 121

Nanda 63, 64, 65

" a place 137

Nandaka's preaching 268

Nandana, a grove 133

Nandapaṇḍita, a man 260

Nātaputta 182

Nāthaputta 182, 183

Nerbudda, the 237

New Testament referred to 77

Nirvana 17, 26, 78, 91, 139, 184, 230, 282

North Indian Notes and Queries quoted 30, 72, 129, 132

Okkāka, a mythical king 299

Pacceka-buddha 57, 137, 139, 231, 282

Pāli words explained:

agatigataṁ 1

ahivātaroga 55, 206

āḷambara drum 237

ānaka drum 237

aññaṁ vyākaroti 230

asura (fallen angel) 99

caturaṅgasamannāgataṁ 134

citta-pasāda 59

dija, 'twice-born,' of birds and brahmins 162

gandhakuṭī 152

gandhapañcaṅgulikaṁ 72

gāvutaddhayojanamatte 147

heṭṭhamañca 286

-jaṁghakahāpaṇādigahanena 166

jātaveda, 'fire' 226

kākaguyha 122

kākapeyya 122, 302

kālaghasa 181

kiṁsuka tree 184

lakāra, laṅkāra 78

nakkhatta 194

nāsikavāta 206

ñatti 258

peta (ghost) 99

rajjugāhakaamacca 257

sālaka, a term of abuse 186

sāratthi 257

tiṇḍuka tree 53

titthiya 182

Panāda, a legendary king 230, 231

Pañcatantra referred to 79, 81, 83, 123, 285

Paṇḍuka, a heretic 264

Pāṇini referred to 122

Pārāsariya, a brahmin teacher 142

Pasenadi, King 11, 200, 275

Phaedrus referred to 123

Piṭakas, the Three 172, 180

Plato referred to 134

Potali, city of 108

Pubbārāma 305

Punabbasu, a heretic 264

Puṇṇa, a man 260

Puññalakkhaṇā, Lady 279, 280

Pythagoreans compared 134

Questions of Milinda referred to 140, 168, 172, 216

Raghuvaṁsa quoted 32

Rāhula 46, 48, 75, 98, 188, 268, 295

Rāhula's mother 87, 98, 260, 268, 272, 295

Rājagaha 38, 39, 138, 264

Roja the Mallian 160, 161

Sāketa, a place 162

" a name 162

Sakka 63, 70, 87, 99, 100, 132, 133, 134, 135, 149, 150, 151, 152, 174, 175,176, 177, 216, 217, 231, 259, 260, 269, 294, 295, 307, 308

Sakuṇovāda-sutta 40

Sakya clan (Sākiya, Sakka) 11, 267, 283, 301

Samiddhi 39

Samyutta Nikāya referred to 100

Sanchi Tope 60, Addenda p. xx

Sāriputta 4, 7, 17, 26, 27, 34, 36, 64, 74, 78, 103, 107, 110, 112, 119, 138,142, 183, 199, 200, 203, 244, 245, 246, 260, 262, 267, 268, 272, 287, 295,297

Satadhamma 57

Sāvatthi 9, 31, 44, 52, 55, 59, 65, 68, 91, 104, 127, 138, 142, 151, 156, 158,163, 178, 189, 199, 205, 216, 223, 229, 233, 235, 251, 262, 264, 266, 268,297

Senaka 54

Seneca quoted 127

Sīhasenāpati 182

Simonides referred to 134

Sineru, Mount 189

Sirīsavatthu, a goblin town 89

Subhagavana Park 180

Suddhodana 34, 98

Suhanu 22

Sujātā, a lady 239, 240, 242

Sundarī, a woman murdered by the heretics 283, 284

Susīma 32, 33, 34

Sutta Nipāta referred to 196, 284

Suttavibhaṅga referred to 197

Takkasilā 2, 27, 32, 36, 47, 50, 59, 60, 68, 96, 121, 141, 152, 153, 189, 193,195, 196, 218, 221, 224, 241, 251, 273, 280, 290

Talmud referred to 221

Tapoda Park 39

Tathāgata 60, 140, 154, 163, 184, 251

Tevijja-Sutta referred to 127

Therīgāthā referred to 55

Tibetan Tales referred to 80, 81, 216

Tunisische Märchen referred to 129

Udāna quoted 283

Udāyī, a foolish Elder 115, 116, 183, 184

Ukkaṭṭhā, a place 180

Upananda, Elder 301, 302

Upasāḷha 37, 38

Upasena, a Brother 306

Uppalavaṇṇā, a woman 260

Utta, Elder 275

Uttarapañcāla, a city 149, 150

Vacaspati's Dictionary quoted 122

Vajirā, princess 275

Vedas, the Three 30, 32, 33, 34, 60, 68, 69, 168, 180, 181, 287

Vejayanta, Sakka's palace 152

Veḷuvana, see Bamboo Grove

Vesāli, a place 4, 180

Vessavaṇa, 12, 271, 272

Videha, kingdom of 27, 28, 231

Vimāna-vatthu referred to 175, 177, 178

Vinaya mentioned 306

Visākhā, a lady 200, 239

Yama, gatekeeper of hell 167

________________________________________

Next: Index of Matters

INDEX OF MATTERS.

Accomplishments, Eighteen 60, 287

Air, passing through the, a supernatural power of ascetics 70, 71, 191, 192,229

Alms for alms 57, 214

Alms-halls 83, 84, 252, 253

Alms, how not to give 31

Alms-pilgrimage 230, 237

Archer's garb 61

Army, its four parts 66

" modes of drawing up 275

Ascetics, four classes of contented 301

" Thirteen Practices of 307

Ascetic, sham 47, 139, 188, 261, 278

Astrology 16, 127, 291

Attainments, see Faculties and 287

Bath-money, a queen's allowance 164, 275

Being, Five Elements of 184

" Eighteen Constituents of 184

Birth: immediate reincarnation due to keen desire, and brought about without parents 264

Birth-fire 30

Blessings, Eleven 9, 42

Bodhisatta peculiar from his birth 228

" tempted and sins 228, 265

Bonds, what are the real 228

Buddha, attempts to injure 85, 106, 110, 131, 140, 165, 166, 168, 172

" imitating of 103, 113

Captain of the Faith 7, 64, 112, 138, 200, 268, 295

Carpenters, village of 14; their tools and mode of work 14

Chinese funeral custom 25

City guards 98

Clan, tortoise 247

Commander-in-chief 13

Constituents of Being, Eighteen 184

Conception by eating fruit alluded to 269

" eremonies done at 1

Coronation: fig-wood chair and three shells used in the ceremony 278

Cranes conceived at the sound of thunder 249

'Crane's sleep,' proverb for trickery 162

Disciples, four classes of 7

Discrepancy between verses and story 127, 155

Disease tricked by escaping through a hole in the wall 55

'Door' question, the 163

Dove's-foot nymphs 63

Drum made of a crab's claw 237

Earning a living, Twenty-one unlawful ways 57

Ecstasies, Four 172

Eighteen Accomplishments 60, 287

Eighteen Constituents of Being 184

Eight Stages of Knowledge 180

Elements of Being, Five 184

" Four Principal 184

Elephant Festivals 32, 33, 34

" manual 32, 33, 34

" of State 16

" with thorn in its foot 14

Eleven Blessings, 9, 42

Emendations suggested 1, 104, 167, 168, 174, 194, 197, 267, 290, 302, 303

Excellences, the four 29, 37, 39, 42, 43, 48, 92, 102

Existence, three stages of 56

Faculties and Attainments, the 31, 36, 38, 39, 45, 50, 62, 92, 98, 108, 120,159, 188, 190, 199, 220, 229, 246, 268, 280, 293, 298

Fate written upon the forehead 84, 195

Festivals 32, 254

Fire lit at birth 30

" sacred 30

Five Elements of Being 184

Five Pleasures of Sense 41

Five Precepts, see Precepts

Five-spray garlands 72, 177

Five Virtues 44, 251, 252, 260

Flying horse 90

Forehead, fate written upon 84, 195

Four Ecstasies 172

Four Excellences, see Excellences

Four Great Kings 61, 62, 217

Four Principal Elements 184

Four Supernatural Powers 216

Four Virtues, a man with 134, 145

Four worlds of misery 98, 262

Friends, which should be avoided 266

Gifts, rules about 18

Goblins 12, 89, 103, 271

Grain, measuring of 258

Grateful Beasts, new form of 35

Great Renunciation 60

Hall of Truth 9, 21, 31, 44, 46, 48, 64, 91, 112, 121, 140, 148, 154, 156, 157,159, 164, 166, 168, 171, 182, 183, 186, 187, 193, 200, 203, 207, 216, 223,224, 227, 240, 242, 243, 245, 268, 275, 295, 298, 299, 301, 304, 305

Headman, village 94

Heaven, by what deeds won 177 f.

" of the Four Great Kings 217

" Brahma's, saepe

Hells, the Four 98, 262

Hereditary rights 32

Heretics 31, 118, 119, 182, 264, 283

Hero's Tasks, new form of 131

Imitating the Buddha, 103, 113

Immortality won by eating a Golden Peacock 25

Inscriptions, upon golden plates 24, 255 ff.

Insight 268

Jains, the 182

Japanese variant 110

Jewel of serpent 197 ff.

Judas tree 184, 185

Judgements given 212 f.

Kalevala quoted 1

King as rain-maker 252

Kings dress like the gods 252

'King's officer' 209

Knowledge, Eight Stages of 180

Kuru righteousness 251 ff.

Life-token 111, cp. 279

Lotus army 275

Luck 44, 127, 265, 279, 282, 291

Lucky days 194

" speech 44, 265

Magic razor-axe 70

" milk-bowl 70

" drum 70

" gem 70

" powers gained by eating certain birds 280

Marriage rule 247

Master of the Ceremonies 32

Meat-eating 182

Merit, how conferred 221, 288, 289

'Messenger' 221

Metre in the text of the Jātakas 23, 24

Mice and rats, their gnawing unlucky 127

Miracles of saints 77

Moderation 204

Music, technicalities of 172, 173, 175, 176

Naked ascetics 182, 183

Name-day 218

Northern brahmin 57, 299

Nymphs 63, 175, 177

Ordination 230, 298

Owl clan 175

Palace of Sakka 132, 269

Paths, the 9, 17, 21, 26, 31, 34, 36, 38, 39, 42, 56, 58, 65, 69, 77, 78, 80, 85,91, 94, 95, 97, 98, 100, 110, 118, 125, 126, 130, 144, 158, 159, 163, 164,188, 193, 196, 203, 205, 215, 218, 222, 226, 229, 230, 232, 250, 260, 268,286, 290, 298, 303

Precepts, Five 4, 13, 25, 205

Precious Things, the Seven 216

Problems in folk-tales 207, 209

Processions 16

Rain-maker 252

Refuges, Three 4, 17, 44, 205

Release 9

Renunciation, Great 60

Riddles 122, 130, 225, 269

Robes for Buddhist priests, rules about 18

Royal Virtues, ten 1, 273

Russian unpublished variant 110

Seven Precious Things 216

Seven Treasures of Empire 268

Similes 155, 166, 191, 220, 229, 236, 284

Sin of the Bodhisatta 228, 265

Snake-charmer 186

Snakes' breath poisonous 55, 206; Breeds of snakes 101; Charms against 101; Guardians of treasure 214; Jewels in their heads 197 ff.

Sneezing, an omen 11 ff.

Spells 23, 101, 168

Spirit of hill 82; river 288, 289; sea 78, 302; tree 105, 113, 148, 211, 245,263, 276, 278, 299, 300, 301, 304, 305; woodland 159

State elephant 16

Succession of Causes, chapter on 180

Sun, adjured 23, 24

Supernatural power 229

" Powers, the Four 216

Tax-gatherer 13

Ten Royal Virtues 1, 273

Thirty-three Archangels 25, 62, 63, 64, 216, 217

Thirty-six, the 216

Three Refuges, see Refuges

Three stages of existence 56

Three Treasures 78, 102, 189

Throne of Sakka grows hot 87, 132, 174

Thunder, proverb concerning 237

" cranes conceived at the sound of 249

Tortoise clan 247

Touch, six spheres of 184

Trance, mystic 188, 192

Treasure guarded by snakes 211

Treasurer of the faith 18, 64

Treasures of Empire, the seven 268

Truths, the 9, 17, 21, 26, 34, 36, 39, 42, 56, 58, 69, 78, 80, 85, 91, 94, 95, 97,98, 100, 110, 118, 125, 126, 130, 144, 158, 159, 164, 188, 189, 193, 196,203, 205, 215, 218, 222, 226, 229, 232, 243, 244, 247, 250, 260, 263, 286,290, 298, 303, 306

Twenty-one unlawful ways of earning a living 57

Umbrella, white 274

'Uncle' = mother's brother, term of affection 210

Verses and story, discrepancy between 127, 155

Village headman 94

Virtues, Five 251, 252, 260

" Ten 1, 273

Waggon army 275

Water, not to be defiled 15

Waxing and waning period 42

Wheel army 275

Wheel of Empire 217

Wickedness, Four Ways of 1

Winnowing basket 277

Wishing Cup 294

Wives, seven kinds of 239, 240

Women, Buddhist opinion of 226, 228, 234

Writing upon a leaf 122

" on a golden plate 24

Yellowstone throne of Sakka 63

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